Molecular mechanisms refer to the specific biological processes and interactions that occur at the molecular level within cells and organisms. This research area focuses on understanding how molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules interact and regulate biological functions such as gene expression, cell signaling, and metabolism. By studying molecular mechanisms, researchers can gain insights into the underlying causes of diseases, develop new treatments, and improve our understanding of fundamental biological processes. Techniques used in this research area include molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and structural biology.